ASEANと日本 vol.2 [世界は今…]
さて、昨日に引き続きASEANと日本の連携についての記事を紹介します。今日のトピックは、域内での二国間協定とASEAN地域協定の締結を促進する日本が今後アジア経済においてどのように存在感を示していくか、またASEANの概念を築く上での日中、日米の関係についてです。12月18日づけのThe Japan Timesからの引用です。
I'd introduce today the rest of the article regarding the relationship between ASEAN and Japan. The topics are;
1. ASEAN is considering the creation of a common economic community by liberalising trade and investment in the region. In the meantime, Japan has concluded bilateral economic partnership agreements (EPAs) with major ASEAN countries as well as with ASEAN as a whole. How should Japan be involved in efforts toward Asian economic integration?
2. How do you expect relations between Japan and China to develop in the context of ASEAN, and in relation to the U.S.?
(Japan's Role expected to grow with integration, The Japan Times issued on 18th December, 2008)ASEAN members intend to establish an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2015. The concept originated in the shared concern that they would not be able to survive competition with the "huge neighbouring elephants" of China and India, which have enjoyed spectacular economic success of late, if they are not economically integrated. ASEAN aims to establish a single market and production base, with a free flow of goods, services, investment, skilled workers and capital.
アメリカを中心とした資本主義経済の世界に変化をもたらしたのが、欧州でのEUの発足でした。その規模は拡大を続け、米国サブプライムローン問題を受けた経済危機に直面するまでは第二の経済軸として機能していたように思います。日本が今後機軸として生き残るためには、新たな経済協力を推進し、その価値を高めることが必要であるといえるのではないでしょうか。
Work is under way to accelerate the integration in 12 priority sectors identified by ASEAN. There have been to date many agreements, including declarations and statements, reached at ASEAN summits, as well as by ministers concerned in the past, which include the elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers, liberalisation of services and investment, tariff cooperation, including the creation of national single windows, smooth cargo transport and the abolition of visas to promote tourism.
一言に経済協力といっても様々な観点があります。日本にとって最大の関心事は輸入品目に対する関税でしょうか。国産のものと比較して安価なものが大量に日本に流入することにより、自国の産業の喪失につながるという懸念がある一方、加工貿易をする以上どこかで妥協しなければならないというジレンマに悩まされる日本。果たして万能薬はあるのでしょうか。
The last summit in 2007 saw a blueprints adopted that what aimed at concluding negotiations for trade liberalisation and integration based on established deadlines.
I am not sure how the ASEAN Charter could practically or directly contribute to ASEAN's economic integration. But it is significant that ASEAN, which has had no basic treaty corresponding to the European Union's Treaty of Rome, which was a basis for the European Common Market, has come to have a basic treaty itself, with its legal status.
Economic interdependency between Japan and ASEAN has been firmly in place as a result of long years of trade, investment, movement of people and Japan's official development assistance (ODA) for infrastructure improvement as well as for human resource development. Without doubt, Japanese private investment, the largest for ASEAN, contributes a great deal to the bloc's economic integration. Japan should continue to contribute to the acceleration of ASEAN integration since the existence of an integrated and prosperous ASEAN is of great benefit to Japan itself.
近年の産業界の動向には、マーケットがすでに成熟した欧米よりもまだ開発の余地の残るアジア圏への進出を急ぐ傾向が見て取れます。事業主としては人件費が比較的安価であり、現地の人材や市場の開拓を推し進められるとあって、有望な路線と考えられてきたのではないでしょうか。しかし、問題点も少なからず明るみに出ています。例えば食品に見られる異物の混入が挙げられます。健康被害という取り返しのつかないことであっても、モラルより業績を優先する国では黙認されていたわけです。先進国でも特に日本の消費者は物事に敏感です。高水準、高品質のものを発展度の異なる国々で共有することは、理想ではありますが現実問題として可能なのであろうか、疑問に感じるのは私だけではないと思います。
For that matter, it is essential for Japan, first, to create a legal and institutional basis that facilitates further economic integration with ASEAN. This can be achieved through the conclusion of EPAs between Japan and each ASEAN country, and ASEAN as a whole.
Japan has concluded EPAs with Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Brunei and the Philippines, and has reached agreement in principle with Vietnam. The ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) agreement entered into effect Dec. 1 this year between Japan and some ASEAN members.
The substance of these agreements is not necessarily satisfactory in my view and should be revised as occasions arise. Japan has recently concluded investment agreements with Cambodia and Laos.
Second, the infrastructure improvement in ASEAN utilising Japan's ODA has greatly contributed to economic prosperity and integration. Such assistance continues to be important while at the same time, cooperation in such software areas as logistics, customs, and harmonisation and mutual recognition of various standards is becoming more important with a view to promoting ASEAN economic integration.
この点に関して、日本のODAはただのバラまきであり、後進国のためになっていないというのが私論です。円借款という形で援助額こそ多いですが、他の国が積極的に推進する技術支援については後ろ向きであり、お金だけまいておけばすべてが解決されるかのような印象を抱きます。例えばODAによるダムの工事により街が水没し、住むところを追われた住人がいます。このように現地の人が欲していないものを政府間のやり取りで実施してきた結果、援助をしてきたはずの日本を悪者と思わざると得ない状況におかれた人が多数いるという報告があります。資金を投じる以上、その必要性を十分に吟味するべきであり、相手国がほしいというからと、毎年多額の赤字国債を発行してまで資金供給を行うべきではありません。それよりは、例えば青年海外協力隊や政府公認の海外ボランティアを増やし、農業技術、保健衛生などの技術支援を行うほうが、長期的な視点に立ったときに有効なように思われます。
Third, economic disparities within ASEAN are creating Japanese interest in investing in new ASEAN members. Although these differences can serve as ASEAN's strong points or even and attraction in a way, they are, nevertheless, an obstacle to ASEAN integration. Japan, therefore, needs to continue to promote economic assistance to Cambodia, Laos, Myannmar and Vietnam.
経済力の劣る国々と協力を結ぶために資金供給をする―私は決して経済に詳しいわけではありませんが、これは一過性の援助に過ぎず、これを行ったからといって10年後にカンボジアやラオスの貨幣と日本の貨幣の価値の差が埋まるとは考えにくいように思います。国民に多額の借金をしてまで他国の面倒を見ることが長期的に有効な手立てなのか、私は理解に苦しみます。
It is important for Japan to boost economic integration with ASEAN on which Japan is economically interdependent. With a population of 570 million, ASEAN can continue to be an important Japanese partner as a major investment destination and consumer market.
日本が域内の機軸となることを目標としているようですが、800兆円を超すという国民への多額の借金を抱え、無能な政府がこれをさらに増やそうとしていることに対して、外国メディアの見方は非常に冷ややかです。他国の世話を焼く前に、まずは日本の経済秩序を取り戻す道を模索してほしいと思います。
With its falling birthrate and aging population, it would be impossible for Japan to maintain and improve its national wealth with home-oriented production, distribution and consumption. Japan must first be more closely connected with ASEAN and on that basis, work to create production distribution and consumption networks with the whole of East Asia. Japan should construct EPA networks with East Asian countries, including China and South Korea, as a step toward East Asian economic integration.
長年にわたる政策の失敗による多額の借金をを少子高齢化のためと責任転嫁しているように思います。国家予算の無駄に対しては目を背け、追加の借金をしてばらまきを続ける国に明るい将来はありません。
Japan must take the initiative in this effort, for which it qualifies because of its status as an outstanding comprehensive economic power. Its GDP, per capita GDP, ability to abide by WTO rules and intellectual property protection, largest investor in the region (China is an investment of recipient) and largest ODA donor status, environmental protection and energy-saving technology are examples of its key strengths, East Asian economic integration should include Hong Kong and Taiwan, in addition to ASEAN Plus 3, otherwise it will not be complete in light of the actual economic exchanges in the region.
別に日本が対外的に評価されることに対して否定的なのではありません。しかし、まずは国民の生活を豊かにしてから外国の世話をしてほしいと思います。これは新しく道路を造れという意味ではなく、憲法に定められた健康で文化的な生活を国民に保障することに心血を注いでほしいということです。既得権の保持、政権の維持だけを考える永田町の人々には庶民の暮らしが理解できていません。日本が多額の借金にあえいでいる現実を軽視しているとも取れる今の杜撰な政府予算では日本の行く末に好感を持つことは困難でしょう。
When the U.S. subprime problem came to the fore last year, some pundits said that the U.S. recession would not spread to East Asia while pointing to the tendency toward expansion in regional trade among East Asian countries. But the financial crisis spread to Europe and then Asia, including Japan, disproving the "decoupling theory." In the past decade, regional trade has expanded, particularly in parts and components but not much in finished products, for which ASEAN and other Asian countries remain heavily dependent on the U.S., European and Japanese markets. The U.S., in particular, continues to be and important destination for Asia's finished products, to say nothing of its continuing importance to the region's security and stability.
On the other hand, it is quite natural for Japan and ASEAN to maintain, and strengthen friendly and cooperative relations with China for East Asian stability and economic prosperity. China is a rich consumer market of 1.3 billion people. ASEAN countries tend to be afraid of speaking out against China, but Japan should say what it has to say to its good neighbour in a candid manner, though it needs to be wary of China's ambition and hegemonism.
The projected East Asian economic market should not become and exclusive bloc vis-a-vis the U.S. and Europe, lest it digs its own grave.
世界的な格付けが非常に低く支離滅裂な日本経済、ASEAN諸国や中国を友好国、友好国と迎合を続けていると、近い将来機軸国となるどころか淘汰されてしまう日がやってこないとも限りません。信頼を回復し価値を高めていくことは難しい問題ですが、政府と国民が一体となって難局を乗り切ることができるとよいですね。さて、国民の意見に耳を傾けようとしない自民公明連立政権の生んだ政府は今後どのような処方箋を提示してくるのか、私たちも積極的に見守る必要があるでしょう。
(Japan's Role expected to grow with integration, The Japan Times issued on 18th December, 2008)
I'd introduce today the rest of the article regarding the relationship between ASEAN and Japan. The topics are;
1. ASEAN is considering the creation of a common economic community by liberalising trade and investment in the region. In the meantime, Japan has concluded bilateral economic partnership agreements (EPAs) with major ASEAN countries as well as with ASEAN as a whole. How should Japan be involved in efforts toward Asian economic integration?
2. How do you expect relations between Japan and China to develop in the context of ASEAN, and in relation to the U.S.?
(Japan's Role expected to grow with integration, The Japan Times issued on 18th December, 2008)ASEAN members intend to establish an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2015. The concept originated in the shared concern that they would not be able to survive competition with the "huge neighbouring elephants" of China and India, which have enjoyed spectacular economic success of late, if they are not economically integrated. ASEAN aims to establish a single market and production base, with a free flow of goods, services, investment, skilled workers and capital.
アメリカを中心とした資本主義経済の世界に変化をもたらしたのが、欧州でのEUの発足でした。その規模は拡大を続け、米国サブプライムローン問題を受けた経済危機に直面するまでは第二の経済軸として機能していたように思います。日本が今後機軸として生き残るためには、新たな経済協力を推進し、その価値を高めることが必要であるといえるのではないでしょうか。
Work is under way to accelerate the integration in 12 priority sectors identified by ASEAN. There have been to date many agreements, including declarations and statements, reached at ASEAN summits, as well as by ministers concerned in the past, which include the elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers, liberalisation of services and investment, tariff cooperation, including the creation of national single windows, smooth cargo transport and the abolition of visas to promote tourism.
一言に経済協力といっても様々な観点があります。日本にとって最大の関心事は輸入品目に対する関税でしょうか。国産のものと比較して安価なものが大量に日本に流入することにより、自国の産業の喪失につながるという懸念がある一方、加工貿易をする以上どこかで妥協しなければならないというジレンマに悩まされる日本。果たして万能薬はあるのでしょうか。
The last summit in 2007 saw a blueprints adopted that what aimed at concluding negotiations for trade liberalisation and integration based on established deadlines.
I am not sure how the ASEAN Charter could practically or directly contribute to ASEAN's economic integration. But it is significant that ASEAN, which has had no basic treaty corresponding to the European Union's Treaty of Rome, which was a basis for the European Common Market, has come to have a basic treaty itself, with its legal status.
Economic interdependency between Japan and ASEAN has been firmly in place as a result of long years of trade, investment, movement of people and Japan's official development assistance (ODA) for infrastructure improvement as well as for human resource development. Without doubt, Japanese private investment, the largest for ASEAN, contributes a great deal to the bloc's economic integration. Japan should continue to contribute to the acceleration of ASEAN integration since the existence of an integrated and prosperous ASEAN is of great benefit to Japan itself.
近年の産業界の動向には、マーケットがすでに成熟した欧米よりもまだ開発の余地の残るアジア圏への進出を急ぐ傾向が見て取れます。事業主としては人件費が比較的安価であり、現地の人材や市場の開拓を推し進められるとあって、有望な路線と考えられてきたのではないでしょうか。しかし、問題点も少なからず明るみに出ています。例えば食品に見られる異物の混入が挙げられます。健康被害という取り返しのつかないことであっても、モラルより業績を優先する国では黙認されていたわけです。先進国でも特に日本の消費者は物事に敏感です。高水準、高品質のものを発展度の異なる国々で共有することは、理想ではありますが現実問題として可能なのであろうか、疑問に感じるのは私だけではないと思います。
For that matter, it is essential for Japan, first, to create a legal and institutional basis that facilitates further economic integration with ASEAN. This can be achieved through the conclusion of EPAs between Japan and each ASEAN country, and ASEAN as a whole.
Japan has concluded EPAs with Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Brunei and the Philippines, and has reached agreement in principle with Vietnam. The ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) agreement entered into effect Dec. 1 this year between Japan and some ASEAN members.
The substance of these agreements is not necessarily satisfactory in my view and should be revised as occasions arise. Japan has recently concluded investment agreements with Cambodia and Laos.
Second, the infrastructure improvement in ASEAN utilising Japan's ODA has greatly contributed to economic prosperity and integration. Such assistance continues to be important while at the same time, cooperation in such software areas as logistics, customs, and harmonisation and mutual recognition of various standards is becoming more important with a view to promoting ASEAN economic integration.
この点に関して、日本のODAはただのバラまきであり、後進国のためになっていないというのが私論です。円借款という形で援助額こそ多いですが、他の国が積極的に推進する技術支援については後ろ向きであり、お金だけまいておけばすべてが解決されるかのような印象を抱きます。例えばODAによるダムの工事により街が水没し、住むところを追われた住人がいます。このように現地の人が欲していないものを政府間のやり取りで実施してきた結果、援助をしてきたはずの日本を悪者と思わざると得ない状況におかれた人が多数いるという報告があります。資金を投じる以上、その必要性を十分に吟味するべきであり、相手国がほしいというからと、毎年多額の赤字国債を発行してまで資金供給を行うべきではありません。それよりは、例えば青年海外協力隊や政府公認の海外ボランティアを増やし、農業技術、保健衛生などの技術支援を行うほうが、長期的な視点に立ったときに有効なように思われます。
Third, economic disparities within ASEAN are creating Japanese interest in investing in new ASEAN members. Although these differences can serve as ASEAN's strong points or even and attraction in a way, they are, nevertheless, an obstacle to ASEAN integration. Japan, therefore, needs to continue to promote economic assistance to Cambodia, Laos, Myannmar and Vietnam.
経済力の劣る国々と協力を結ぶために資金供給をする―私は決して経済に詳しいわけではありませんが、これは一過性の援助に過ぎず、これを行ったからといって10年後にカンボジアやラオスの貨幣と日本の貨幣の価値の差が埋まるとは考えにくいように思います。国民に多額の借金をしてまで他国の面倒を見ることが長期的に有効な手立てなのか、私は理解に苦しみます。
It is important for Japan to boost economic integration with ASEAN on which Japan is economically interdependent. With a population of 570 million, ASEAN can continue to be an important Japanese partner as a major investment destination and consumer market.
日本が域内の機軸となることを目標としているようですが、800兆円を超すという国民への多額の借金を抱え、無能な政府がこれをさらに増やそうとしていることに対して、外国メディアの見方は非常に冷ややかです。他国の世話を焼く前に、まずは日本の経済秩序を取り戻す道を模索してほしいと思います。
With its falling birthrate and aging population, it would be impossible for Japan to maintain and improve its national wealth with home-oriented production, distribution and consumption. Japan must first be more closely connected with ASEAN and on that basis, work to create production distribution and consumption networks with the whole of East Asia. Japan should construct EPA networks with East Asian countries, including China and South Korea, as a step toward East Asian economic integration.
長年にわたる政策の失敗による多額の借金をを少子高齢化のためと責任転嫁しているように思います。国家予算の無駄に対しては目を背け、追加の借金をしてばらまきを続ける国に明るい将来はありません。
Japan must take the initiative in this effort, for which it qualifies because of its status as an outstanding comprehensive economic power. Its GDP, per capita GDP, ability to abide by WTO rules and intellectual property protection, largest investor in the region (China is an investment of recipient) and largest ODA donor status, environmental protection and energy-saving technology are examples of its key strengths, East Asian economic integration should include Hong Kong and Taiwan, in addition to ASEAN Plus 3, otherwise it will not be complete in light of the actual economic exchanges in the region.
別に日本が対外的に評価されることに対して否定的なのではありません。しかし、まずは国民の生活を豊かにしてから外国の世話をしてほしいと思います。これは新しく道路を造れという意味ではなく、憲法に定められた健康で文化的な生活を国民に保障することに心血を注いでほしいということです。既得権の保持、政権の維持だけを考える永田町の人々には庶民の暮らしが理解できていません。日本が多額の借金にあえいでいる現実を軽視しているとも取れる今の杜撰な政府予算では日本の行く末に好感を持つことは困難でしょう。
When the U.S. subprime problem came to the fore last year, some pundits said that the U.S. recession would not spread to East Asia while pointing to the tendency toward expansion in regional trade among East Asian countries. But the financial crisis spread to Europe and then Asia, including Japan, disproving the "decoupling theory." In the past decade, regional trade has expanded, particularly in parts and components but not much in finished products, for which ASEAN and other Asian countries remain heavily dependent on the U.S., European and Japanese markets. The U.S., in particular, continues to be and important destination for Asia's finished products, to say nothing of its continuing importance to the region's security and stability.
On the other hand, it is quite natural for Japan and ASEAN to maintain, and strengthen friendly and cooperative relations with China for East Asian stability and economic prosperity. China is a rich consumer market of 1.3 billion people. ASEAN countries tend to be afraid of speaking out against China, but Japan should say what it has to say to its good neighbour in a candid manner, though it needs to be wary of China's ambition and hegemonism.
The projected East Asian economic market should not become and exclusive bloc vis-a-vis the U.S. and Europe, lest it digs its own grave.
世界的な格付けが非常に低く支離滅裂な日本経済、ASEAN諸国や中国を友好国、友好国と迎合を続けていると、近い将来機軸国となるどころか淘汰されてしまう日がやってこないとも限りません。信頼を回復し価値を高めていくことは難しい問題ですが、政府と国民が一体となって難局を乗り切ることができるとよいですね。さて、国民の意見に耳を傾けようとしない自民公明連立政権の生んだ政府は今後どのような処方箋を提示してくるのか、私たちも積極的に見守る必要があるでしょう。
(Japan's Role expected to grow with integration, The Japan Times issued on 18th December, 2008)
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